Ebola/EVD: Additional Coverage

UNMEER [UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response] @UNMEER #EbolaResponse
UNMEER’s website is aggregating and presenting content from various sources including its own External Situation Reports, press releases, statements and what it titles “developments.” We present a composite below from the week ending 3 January 2014.

UNMEER External Situation Reports
UNMEER External Situation Reports are issued daily (excepting Saturday) with content organized under these headings:
– Highlights
– Key Political and Economic Developments
– Human Rights
– Response Efforts and Health
– Logistics
– Outreach and Education
– Resource Mobilisation
– Essential Services
– Upcoming Events
The “Week in Review” will present highly-selected elements of interest from these reports. The full daily report is available as a pdf using the link provided by the report date.

:: 02 Jan 2015 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. SRSG Banbury concluded his farewell visit to the three most affected countries in Sierra Leone from 30 to 31 December. He travelled to Bombali District, where he met with members of the District Ebola Response Center and visited three Ebola Treatment Units as well asa Community Care Center. He also met with President Ernest Bai Koroma in Freetown to commend him for his leadership and engagement on the Ebola crisis. . The President thanked UNMEER for the support provided to date, noting its positive impact on the ground. He expressed his hope that Sierra Leone, with the support of the international community, will be able to fully contain the Ebola outbreak by mid-2015 and pursue the economic agenda that had been set.
2. In his New Year’s Day Address, President Ernest Bai Koroma called on the country to begin a week of fasting and prayers to end the Ebola outbreak. The President urged people not to touch the sick or corpses and not to disobey quarantine orders. The President also indicated that schools, which have been closed since July due to the outbreak, would reopen soon.
Resource Mobilisation
11. The OCHA Ebola Virus Outbreak Overview of Needs and Requirements, now totaling USD 1.5 billion, has been funded for USD 1.1 billion, which is around 74% of the total ask.
12. The Ebola Response Multi-Partner Trust

:: 31 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. On 29 December, the Prime Minister of Guinea visited the construction site of the new centre for epidemiological research and microbiology funded by the Russian aluminum company Rusal in Kindia. The centre will become part of the Institut Pasteur de Guinée which has secured funding from the Institut Pasteur in France and the French Government to enhance its capacity for surveillance, detection and prevention of infectious diseases in Guinea and the sub-region.
2. On 30 December, three national trade unions in Guinea issued a statement requesting that the government decrease the retail price of gasoline and fuel to reflect the drop in the price of oil in the global market. They have also urged the government to honour its pledges concerning the revised pay scale of civil servants and retirees. This request comes at a time when six other trade unions have threatened to launch
Response Efforts and Health
5. To support the Government of Sierra Leone’s response to the EVD outbreak, the World Bank and UNFPA have designed a joint project to reinforce and scale-up contact tracing, so as to strengthen the existing surveillance system.
7. In Liberia, WHO has identified the growing need for more disaggregated epidemiological data on children affected by the Ebola crisis for cross-cluster planning. Other vulnerable groups (patients, affected families, the elderly and the disabled) should also be considered.
Outreach and Education
16. In Guinea, the prefect of Lola prefecture conducted a sensitization mission in the village of Thuo on 30 December to address community resistance. Thuo has seen a flare-up of EVD cases in the past ten days and 2 new suspected cases were transferred today to the ETC in Nzérékoré. Members of the local community have reportedly threatened EVD response partners who have mostly left the area due to the tensions. The return of response partners is pending the outcome of the prefect’s mission. Save the Children has begun identifying 40 children in Thuo who have lost one or both parents to EVD with the aim of providing protection, but they will only deploy after a lifting of community resistance in Thuo.
17. Similarly, on 29 December, the prefectural coordination in Nzérékoré prefecture, Guinea, deployed a sensitization mission to the resistant communities of Banzou North and Zeremouda. The mission faced difficulties in engaging in dialogue with the members of the local community in both areas. UNMEER’s FCM covering Nzérékoré is following up to ascertain the reasons for resistance in these specific communities.
Essential Services
19. In Sierra Leone, the World Bank and UNFPA have developed a joint project to support the Government of Sierra Leone to establish appropriate arrangements to revitalize Reproductive, Maternal, Adolescent and Newborn Health (RMANH) services in the context of Ebola.
20. In Liberia, the Ministry of Health with support from UNFPA is conducting fistula prevention awareness in two counties (Margibi and Grand Bassa). UNFPA also hired a local NGO (Liberia Prevention Maternal Mortality) to conduct Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) needs assessments in 20 health facilities in four Counties (Montserrado, Cape Mount, Margibi and Grand Bassa).

:: 30 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
2. The Minister of Health of Guinea is continuing his sensitization and oversight mission in EVD affected prefectures. On 27 December, the minister took part in the prefectural coordination meeting in Nzérékoré, attended by the main response partners. The prefectural coordinator gave a briefing on the current situation, highlighting challenges including persistent resistance in communities in Sadou, Banzou North, Baya and Zenemouda; insufficient supply of thermo flash thermometers; lack of equipment and electricity; lack of an office for the prefectural coordination; and weak coordination among response partners. Concerning local resistance, the minister advised that partners must enable community members to take ownership of the sensitization process to engage their respective communities. Concerning the Community Watch Committees (CWCs), response partners briefed the minister that a number have been established but their members have not yet received training and are not operational. The minister stressed that partners involved with the CWCs had to work faster and he warned that alternative measures would be taken in case partners could not deliver on the operationalization of CWCs. He also encouraged response partners to better integrate their activities under the umbrella of the prefectural coordination and to increase their actions in the field where flare-ups and resistance are persistent.
Response Efforts and Health
4. UNDP has made additional incentive payments to 758 health personnel working in four ETUs in Guinea, ensuring their continued engagement in saving patients. The agency was requested by Guinea’s National Coordination Unit against Ebola to complete existing salaries with incentive pays for the French Red Cross, Doctors without Borders and Alima, three Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operating ETUs in Donka, Macenta, Kissidougou and Nzérékoré. Together with UNMEER and the World Bank, UNDP assisted the Ministry of Health in harmonizing incentives, and ensured that US$ 220,000 were deposited in local banks.

:: 29 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
KEY POINTS
– A field hospital donated by Israel will be established as an Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) in Dubreka, Guinea.
– UNICEF joined partners in engaging the population of the quarantined and neighboring villages of Lonfaye town and Yekepa town, Liberia, following two separate outbreaks there.
– In response to measles cases in Lofa county, Liberia, the UNICEF-supported periodic intensification of routine immunization, or PIRI, is ongoing across all of the 15 counties.
Response Efforts and Health
3. On 26 December, the National Ebola Response Coordinator informed UNMEER that a field hospital donated by Israel would be established as an ETU in Dubreka, Guinea. He added that the target opening date was 15 January. This ETU and the one in Coyah will help relieve the caseload on the ETU in Conakry (Donka) coming from prefectures adjacent to the capital.
4. According to recent data from the Liberian health ministry, there have been at least 1,042 confirmed cases of children with EVD in the country. The number of children identified by name and location as orphaned by EVD is 4,115. All of the children identified are currently receiving follow-up and psychosocial support. Over 250 volunteer contact tracers, trained and engaged by UNICEF, are now reporting cases of children orphaned or otherwise affected by EVD. UNICEF is working to ensure that children who have lost their parents due to EVD continue to receive care through a kinship arrangement. That way children may be from becoming institutionalized, for example in an orphanage.
Essential Services
15. West Africa’s fight to contain EVD has hampered the campaign against malaria, which is a fully preventable and treatable disease. In Guéckédou, Guinea, doctors have had to stop pricking fingers to do blood tests for malaria. Bernard Nahlen, deputy director of the US President’s Malaria Initiative, said Guinea’s 40% drop in reported malaria cases this year is likely because people are too scared to go to health facilities and are not getting treated for malaria. Nets for Life Africa, a New York-based charity that provides insecticide-treated mosquito nets, said some 15,000 Guineans died from malaria last year.
16. In response to measles cases in Lofa county, Liberia, the UNICEF-supported periodic intensification of routine immunization, or PIRI, is ongoing across all 15 counties. The goal is to rapidly reduce the number of unimmunized children against measles. This intensification comes in lieu of an immunization campaign, which is not recommended in the EVD context. Vaccinators are being trained simultaneously across the country on infection prevention and control measures, supervision during PIRI and on how to conduct outreach sessions in remote areas. In addition, UNICEF provided basic infection control kits, including infrared thermometers, to 500 health facilities providing immunization services in Liberia.

:: 26 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. Sierra Leone has declared a lockdown of at least three days in the north of the country to try to contain an EVD flare-up there. Response workers will go door to door to look for suspected cases of EVD. Shops, markets and travel services will be shut down. Sierra Leone had already banned many public Christmas celebrations. Alie Kamara, resident minister for the Northern Region, indicated that “muslims and christians are not allowed to hold services in mosques and churches throughout the lockdown, except for christians on Christmas day”. No unauthorized vehicles will be allowed to operate, except those officially assigned to EVD-related assignments. The lockdown is scheduled to last for at least three days, but this could be extended if deemed necessary.
10. The Liberian health ministry has received permission from the World Bank to release funds for the payment of workers’ salaries to the counties. Unfortunately the pre-Christmas deadline was missed, but the plan to pay all workers in the counties through banks and off-site payments is being completed by the government. UNDP will support the teams financially and logistically to execute the payments, which are planned over several days and are expected to begin through the holiday period. Separately, funds that had been provided to banks in time were not paid to contact tracers and active case finders by the 23rd, due to banks’ liquidity issues. There were demonstrations at the health ministry as a result.
11. UNDP has received a request to pay more than 400 workers in Montserrado, Liberia, including staff of the newly established IMS for the county. UNDP, as a provider of last resort, will seek to ensure that all other avenues for payment have been exhausted before committing to these payments.
Essential Services
21. From 10-16 December, as part of the Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM), a total of 18,885 children under 5 were screened at the community level in 64 out of 149 chiefdoms (389 communities) in Sierra Leone. 506 were referred for treatment at the Peripheral Health Units that provide nutrition treatment services.

:: 24 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. The director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Dr. Tom Frieden, said on Monday that even though the number of cases in West Africa has not reached worst-case scenario predictions, the world remains at risk until it drops to zero. “I’m hopeful about stopping the epidemic, but I remain realistic that this is going to be a long, hard fight”, he said. On his recent visit to Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, Dr. Frieden said he had seen “real momentum and real progress” in combating the virus. “I am hopeful that we are going to see continued progress. The challenge is not to let up, not to be complacent and to really double down”. Asked about the CDC’s report in September that in certain scenarios, EVD cases could reach 550,000 by January, Frieden replied: “The projections we released a few months ago showed what could happen if nothing more were done – in fact an enormous amount has been done.”
2. Peter Piot, a leading researcher who helped to discover EVD, has also said that the EVD crisis is likely to last until the end of 2015, warning that vaccines would take time to develop. Professor Piot was one of the scientists who discovered EVD in 1976 and is now director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He said that even though the outbreak has peaked in Liberia and was likely to peak in Sierra Leone in the next few weeks, the epidemic could have a “very long tail and a bumpy tail”. Piot stated: “We need to be ready for a long effort, a sustained effort for probably the rest of 2015.” But he added that he was impressed by the progress that he had seen on a recent visit to Sierra Leone: “Treatment units have now been established across the country. You don’t see any longer the scenes where people are dying in the streets”.
Response Efforts and Health
5. A Nigerian peacekeeper diagnosed with EVD, who had been evacuated to the Netherlands for treatment, has recovered and has returned to the UN mission in Liberia. The peacekeeper will resume duties while undergoing monitoring and psychological counseling. The man arrived in the Netherlands earlier this month. The Netherlands has followed Germany, France and Switzerland in taking on EVD patients at the request of the World Health Organization.

:: 23 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. The United Nations must learn lessons from the EVD crisis and begin preparing now for the next outbreak of a deadly disease, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in New York after returning from a visit to West Africa. “We must learn the lessons of Ebola, which go well beyond strengthening public health systems”, Ban stated. “The international community needs better early warning and rapid response.” The UN chief said he will launch a serious effort to “explore what more we can do to stay ahead of the next outbreak of disease — a test that is sure to come.” Ban also called for recovery efforts to be stepped up in West Africa in order to rebuild shattered economies, get children back in school and begin caring for EVD orphans.
2. Sierra Leone is withdrawing its troops from Somalia after the African Union blocked the West African country from rotating its soldiers over fears for EVD. Sierra Leone sent 850 troops to Somalia in 2013 for a 12-month deployment to fight jihadist terrorist group al-Shabab. Their rotation was delayed after a group of 800 soldiers, who were waiting to replace their comrades in Somalia, were quarantined after one of the soldiers was tested positive for EVD. In August, Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud said no new troops from Sierra Leone will be deployed to his country after calls by activists and a campaign on social media by Somalis calling for a halt to the deployment.

:: 22 Dec 2014 UNMEER External Situation Report
Key Political and Economic Developments
1. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon made a three-day tour of the region on Friday and Saturday, visiting Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Mali and Ghana. He met with the leaders of those countries as well as with survivors of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), healthcare workers and UN staff. In Liberia, the SG participated in an Incident Management System (IMS) meeting with EVD response partners, where he discussed current trends and the next steps in the response. He warned against complacency at what remains a critical time. The Secretary-General also visited several treatment facilities. On his visits he was accompanied by the Director General of WHO, Dr. Margaret Chan, the UN Special Envoy on Ebola, Dr. David Nabarro, and the Head of UNMEER, Anthony Banbury.
2. In Guinea, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon warned about rising EVD infection rates in the south-east of the country. While infection rates in Liberia, one of the nations hardest hit by the outbreak, have been slowing, other areas have registered an uptick in the rate of the disease’s progress. Infection rates in south-eastern Guinea, the region where the deadliest outbreak in history began a year ago, have also failed to decline substantially. Solid cross border collaboration is necessary to prevent a resurgence of the epidemic, Ban said in Conakry. The Secretary-General also warned of the serious socio-economic consequences the outbreak is likely to have in the affected countries. “While our immediate priority is to stop the spread of the disease, it is not too early to start thinking about recovery,” Ban said. “We must scale up our efforts to restore basic social services, strengthen health services, support economic activity and build up the countries’ resilience.”
3. In Sierra Leone, Ban Ki-moon met Rebecca Johnson, a Sierra Leonean nurse who caught the virus but survived. She recounted how she fell gravely ill, recovered and is now back treating EVD patients. Ban said he was moved by Johnson’s story, especially that she still faced a stigma as a survivor. “There should be no discrimination for those who have been working or helping with Ebola. Those people are giving all of themselves,” Ban said. He also made it clear that UNMEER is intended to be a short term mission: “My intention is not to keep UNMEER longer than one year. If that isn’t the case, people will regard it as a failure”.
Response Efforts and Health
6. Last week, in support of quarantined households in the Western Area of Sierra Leone, UNICEF has distributed 2,580 jerry cans, together with a 21-day supply of aqua tabs. To date, UNICEF has provided around 6,648 quarantined households with 23,720 jerry cans and 254,643 aqua tabs, benefiting 40,164 people in quarantined households and communities. Supplies have been distributed through WFP packages. UNICEF also delivered a total of 184,000 litres of safe water to two 100-bed EVD treatment centers, while setup work is ongoing in two new 24-bed Community Care Centers (CCCs) in the Western area. UNICEF, with its partners, has also ensured that 12 newly constructed CCCs were fully stocked with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) packages.
7. In Sierra Leone, UNDP has supported the payment of hazard pay entitlements for 16,000 EVD workers in five days, through a mobile cash transfer system. With concurrent support to the government of Sierra Leone by UNDP, the World Bank and the African Development Bank, policy and guidelines are being drafted to streamline the system.
Outreach and Education
15. Last week, 8,220 households in Liberia were reached through door-to-door campaigns with EVD prevention messages as well as through 167 meetings and group discussions, reaching 13,787 women, 11,142 men and 8,912 children across all counties. 675 community leaders and elders were engaged.
16. In the first week of December, 1,414 social mobilizers were trained by UNICEF in Sierra Leone. 48% were women and 44% were less than 25 years old. Participants were trained on topics including infection prevention and control, home protection, safe burial practices, and quarantined households. 370 religious leaders and 65 paramount chiefs were sensitized to support social mobilization activities in 8 districts. Social mobilizers engaged by partners reached 5,867 households to disseminate key messages and sensitize the community.

The Sentinel

Human Rights Action :: Humanitarian Response :: Health ::
Holistic Development :: Sustainable Resilience
__________________________________________________
Week ending 20 December 2014

This weekly digest is intended to aggregate and distill key content from a broad spectrum of practice domains and organization types including key agencies/IGOs, NGOs, governments, academic and research institutions, consortiums and collaborations, foundations, and commercial organizations. We also monitor a spectrum of peer-reviewed journals and general media channels. The Sentinel’s geographic scope is global/regional but selected country-level content is included. We recognize that this spectrum/scope yields an indicative and not an exhaustive product. Comments and suggestions should be directed to:

David R. Curry
Editor &
Founding Managing Director
GE2P2 – Center for Governance, Evidence, Ethics, Policy, Practice
david.r.curry@ge2p2center.net

pdf verion: The Sentinel_ week ending 20 December 2014

blog edition: comprised of the 35+ entries to be posted below on 21 December 2014

The Sentinel will resume publication on 3 January 2015 following a holiday break.

Security Council, Adopting Resolution 2191 (2014), Renews Authorization Allowing Agencies, Humanitarian Partners Continued Aid Access across Syrian Borders
UN Security Council – SC/11708
17 December 2014
Affirming that despite severe challenges in Syria the United Nations and its partners were delivering life-saving aid there, the Security Council this morning renewed for twelve months its authorization for those actors to use routes across conflict lines as well as specified border crossings.

Through the unanimous adoption of resolution 2191 (2014), the 15-member body decided that United Nations agencies and humanitarian partners could continue until 10 January 2016 to, with notification to the Syrian authorities, use the border crossings at Bab al-Salam, Bab al-Hawa, Al Yarubiyah and Al-Ramtha in addition to those already in use as originally authorized by resolution 2165 (2014) (see Press Release SC/11473 of 14 July). It also renewed the monitoring mechanism created by that resolution in order to ensure compliance.

The Council reiterated that the only sustainable solution to the violence in Syria and the accompanying deterioration of humanitarian conditions was through an inclusive, Syrian-led political process. In that context, it said it looked forward to further advice from the Special Envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, concerning his proposals on the implementation of so-called “freeze” zones.

Text of Resolution 2191 (2014) here

Statement from USAID Administrator Shah
December 17, 2014
[Initial text from resignation communication outlining USAID achievements over last several years]
I want to thank President Obama for the honor of serving our country these past five years as Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Thanks to his leadership and the extraordinary commitment of our nation’s development experts, America is the unquestioned leader in eliminating the scourges of extreme poverty, hunger, and child death worldwide. Recently, I informed President Obama and Secretary Kerry that I will step down as Administrator in mid-February 2015…

Chief of Agency for International Development to Step Down
New York Times | 17 December 2014
Rajiv Shah, the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the highest ranking Indian-American in the Obama administration, announced on Wednesday that he would step down as head of the agency early next year…

Data2X Announces New Partnerships to Address Critical Gender Data Gaps
Initiative Aims to Ignite a Gender Data Revolution to Spark Progress for Women and Girls Globally
New York, NY — December 15, 2014
Today, Data2X announced new partnerships for better data to understand and improve the lives of the world’s women and girls at an event with Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Michael R. Bloomberg, Chelsea Clinton and other key partners. The partnerships will tackle six areas where data is missing on women and girls: civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS), women’s work and employment, financial services, women’s well-being and poverty, big data, and results reporting on U.S. government foreign aid…

Since its launch in 2012, Data2X, powered by the United Nations Foundation, has served as a platform to identify gender data gaps and generate partnerships to address them. As an initial step, Data2X identified 28 gaps in global sex-disaggregated data across five domains: health, education, economic opportunities, political participation, and human security…

Today’s event kicked off the next phase of the project, focused on forming strategic gender data partnerships to tackle the gaps most ripe for action based on international momentum, ease of filling the gap and number of girls and women potentially affected…

New partnerships were announced to tackle the following types of data gaps:

:: Civil Registration and Vital Statistics
(Partners: The UN Economic Commission for Africa and the Africa Programme for Accelerated Improvement of CRVS (covering 54 countries in Africa) and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (covering 60 countries in Asia-Pacific)) Strengthened Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems are critical to obtain real numbers on maternal deaths and causes of death, as well as marriage, divorce, and other life events of importance to women and girls. Civil registration also helps facilitate access to legal identity, which provides women and girls with the opportunity to exercise their rights. Yet poor and unmarried women in particular are least likely to register their children. This partnership will help national and regional bodies incorporate gender into Civil Registration and Vital Statistics plans through technical assistance and international and national advocacy.

:: Women’s Work and Employment
(Partners: The International Labour Organization, the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization). Last year, the International Conference on Labor Statisticians adopted new statistical standards for measuring work and employment. The new standards for the first time recognize all productive activities—paid and unpaid—as work. Full and separate measurement of both paid and unpaid work is crucial for recognizing the economic contributions of women and girls and the unpaid work they do in the family and on farms. This partnership will support the transition to using these new standards in a way that best captures women’s economic contributions and maintains comparability with previous survey rounds.

:: Supply-Side Data on Financial Services
(Partners: Global Banking Alliance for Women and the Inter-American Development Bank). Banks do not see women as a distinct client group because they lack sex-disaggregated data; as a result, women clients remain underserved. This initiative will develop a multi-level and multi-stakeholder approach to incentivize the widespread collection and reporting of sex-disaggregated anonymous client data by banks. It will be bank-driven and will commence with a Data Working Group that will outline how all stakeholders can support banks in the process of collecting and reporting sex-disaggregated data. International adoption of the recommendations and standards from this group should help to close financial services gender data gaps globally.

:: Improved Gender Data on U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs
(Partners: Millennium Challenge Corporation and U.S. Department of State/PEPFAR). A number of recent initiatives seek to improve the global availability and accessibility of the data collected and reported by all U.S. Government agencies involved in foreign assistance work. This partnership will build a technical standard to harmonize gender reporting to improve the availability, transparency, accessibility, and use of gender results data in U.S. Government partner countries. It will also sponsor an “open data challenge” to implement the standards, derive better sex- and age-disaggregated data, and train partners in the use of gender results data for decision-making.

:: Measurement of Women’s Poverty and Progress
(Partner: Government of Mexico – National Institute of Statistics and Geography). Mexico’s National Institute of Statistics and Geography, INEGI, is a leader in reducing data gaps. INEGI will pilot new approaches to gender data collection and work with Data2X to disseminate knowledge and promote South-South knowledge sharing. INEGI and Data2X will explore the added value of including subjective measures of well-being for men and women along with more standard, income-based measures. This work will fill a data gap on gender, well-being, and poverty, and offer lessons learned for other countries on improving poverty measurement techniques. INEGI and Data2X will also collaborate on big data by analyzing Twitter feeds to explore gender differences in adolescent mental health.

:: Big Data and Gender
(Partners: UN Global Pulse and UN Women). Effective use of big data in development policymaking and advocacy could improve the lives of women and girls by resulting in more efficient services and programs. Research and technology development are needed to fulfill this potential and ensure that women and girls—particularly those unreached by digital platforms—are represented in big data streams. In addition, new institutional norms and safeguards need to be put in place to ensure that big data benefits are maximized while reducing the risks of harming women and girls, particularly with respect to individual privacy and sensitive datasets.
Moving forward, Data2X will help advance the existing partnerships, continue to develop new gender data partnerships and seek additional funding to reach the largest number of women and girls possible.

The Tsunami legacy
Disasters Emergency Committee
19 December 2014
…This week DEC member agencies Oxfam and CARE International have both released new reports on how the Tsunami influenced the changing humanitarian system. Swiss Solidarity (a fellow member of the Emergency Appeals Alliance) also launched a new evaluation of the response earlier this month.

These top ten lessons are thanks to their research:
1. Evaluating the needs of survivors quickly is crucial and this means listening to those affected and designing projects with them. We are now much better at sharing analysis and evaluations amongst ourselves. In the Philippines after the 2013 super typhoon, some member agencies worked with local people to design their own shelter kits and feedback mechanisms such as helpdesks are common place.

2. Humanitarian agencies are now much more likely to provide people with materials, grants or skills training to help them build their own home rather than build it for them. Shelter kits help people be part of their own recovery and design their own shelters according to their own needs. Some agencies work with affected people to design their own kits, acting as the advisors and advocates for new safe homes. We know that training local people to lead reconstruction and recovery increases the acceptance of the project and allows us to reach more people more quickly.

3. In the fourth year of the Tsunami response, DEC member agencies focused on helping people at-risk of emergencies prepare for the next disaster. Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction are now a core part of what we do. We help local communities map the potential risks in their area and train people in construction, conservation agriculture, micro-insurance, or early warning systems.

4. The Tsunami helped us better understand the importance of designing projects that meet the varied needs of boys, girls, women and men in emergencies. For example women were between 1.2 and 2.1 times as likely to have died as men across tsunami-affected areas. Rapid gender analysis, assessments and the collection of sex and age disaggregated data are now routine. For example in Syria CARE has been able to share information on the increased numbers of pregnancies amongst displaced women, which helps agencies provide more targeted services for pregnant women.

5. The geographical scale of the disaster and the generous international funding meant that for part of 2005, there were close to 200 international NGOs operating in Aceh province alone. Numerous evaluations showed the need for better coordination among humanitarian agencies. So the UN set up the cluster system to bring agencies together to coordinate around different sectors such as education, protection or shelter.

6. A new evaluation of the Tsunami response by Swiss Solidarity found that helping experienced small-scale entrepreneurs recover the business they lost in the disaster was very successful. It helped people restart their business and sometimes expand production. However start-up entrepreneurs without prior experience were less successful with very few start-ups continuing their new businesses. Aid agencies are now much more conscious of existing inequalities and try to make sure interventions do not exacerbate the vulnerability of marginalised groups.

7. A 2008 review of reconstruction in post-tsunami Indonesia and Sri Lanka found that community involvement is essential to building back safer, stronger communities and since the tsunami there has been a shift towards building the capacity of local organisations. For example just as Christian Aid allocated £250,000 to their national partners on Boxing Day 2004 so they could start work straight away, agencies are always striving to equip local people to respond.

8. Many have argued that the humanitarian response acted as an incentive for peace in Indonesia. This finding is supported by a 2008 survey, which found that 57 percent of Aceh’s population think the tsunami, and the response to it, had a positive effect on peace in the region. In Sri Lanka it is thought the tsunami increased tensions in the long-running conflict. In its new report Oxfam argues there is an ongoing need for humanitarian agencies to devote more effort to designing conflict-sensitive approaches that either de-escalate or at least avoid exacerbating tensions between different groups.

9. After the tsunami, CARE provided survivors with vouchers for basic food items that could be exchanged for food at pre-approved local shops. This relatively new method at the time, helped local businesses to get back on their feet but meant people could make choices about what they needed. This approach is now widely recognised as an effective way of meeting people’s essential food needs.

10. The UK Public always gives generously to disasters. The outpouring in response to the DEC’s Tsunami appeal was the largest ever but British people consistently respond to calls for support. However international government giving is declining. For the humanitarian community to continue to learn lessons and improve our support to those most in need, we need the backing from global leaders and institutions. More people are now affected by humanitarian crises and funding has to keep up with this growing need.

The Rockefeller Foundation, IFC to Create New Project Development Facility for Resilient Infrastructure
The Rockefeller Foundation / December 19, 2014 / Press Releases
WASHINGTON—The Rockefeller Foundation and IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, are launching a project development facility aimed at unlocking private sector investment for infrastructure that helps build resilience across emerging markets.

Global institutional investors are keen to invest in infrastructure, but there aren’t enough well-structured projects. The major challenge lies in the early stages of project development. Often, governments lack the capacity to structure, negotiate, and manage complex infrastructure transactions. This is a critical bottleneck that delays and often stalls the development of projects. As a result, not enough projects are coming to market.

The Rockefeller Foundation is committing $10 million to this new facility. The facility will provide grant funding to support legal, technical, and financial advice to governments working with IFC on infrastructure projects that help cities build resilience and support poor and vulnerable people. This will accelerate the development of projects, and increase the number of bankable projects that reach financial close. The Foundation and IFC will aim to jointly raise an additional $40-$90 million from other partners, which could help the development of up to 80 medium-to-large scale projects globally.

“Governments often need sound advice to navigate complex agreements when they work with private sector companies to develop infrastructure projects,” said Karin Finkelston, IFC’s Vice President for Global Partnerships. “This partnership provides a crucial link that can help accelerate the development of bankable infrastructure projects across the world.”

This facility is part of a broader collaboration effort between The Rockefeller Foundation and the World Bank Group to expand financing solutions for resilience and infrastructure across emerging markets.

“Rapid urbanization, globalization, and the rise of extreme weather events are giving rise to a new set of shocks and stresses that threaten our collective wellbeing, so it is critical that we invest in infrastructure that builds resilience,” said Dr. Judith Rodin, President of The Rockefeller Foundation. “We are delighted to be working together with IFC to create more bankable infrastructure projects that build resilience and help communities that are particularly susceptible to associated shocks and stresses.”

United Nations – Selected Press Releases [to 20 December 2014]
Secretary General, Security Council, General Assembly
http://www.un.org/en/unpress/

19 December 2014
SG/SM/16434
At Ebola Treatment Centre in Sierra Leone, Secretary-General Tells Caregivers ‘You Are Bringing Your Country and the Entire World to a More Hopeful Place’
Following are UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s remarks, as prepared for delivery, at the Ebola Treatment Unit in Hastings, Sierra Leone, today:
[Concluding comments]
… Ebola remains a global crisis, and we must stop it at its source. The only acceptable goal is zero cases. A single case is all it takes to start an outbreak. All of us, whoever we work for, must remain super-vigilant. Our task is to prevent Ebola from becoming endemic in the region.
The crisis will end when the last person to experience Ebola is under treatment and there is no other case for at least 42 days. To do this, there will be a constant need for reliable data, skilled professionals, good management, effective coordination, and finance.
Our task, within the UN system, is to help you locate and access these resources. We cannot rest till you have what you need to complete the task. There can be no let-up.
We need to get kids back in school, fields planted, and markets up and running again. And beyond halting Ebola, we need to build up health systems and other infrastructure that will forestall something similar occurring in the future.
We owe this to millions of people across West Africa whose lives have been disrupted and plunged into misery. We owe this to the health-care workers who have made the ultimate sacrifice in answering the call of service.
To all the people of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, I say: The United Nations has stood with you for years in your quest for development and peace, and we will continue to be your close partner now.
Thank you again for your leadership in the Ebola response. It has been an honour to see you in action here today. In your person and in your work, you are the embodiment of compassion and commitment. In bringing comfort to those in need, you are bringing your country and the entire world to a more hopeful place.

19 December 2014
SC/11717
Security Council, Adopting Resolution 2195 (2014), Urges International Action to Break Links between Terrorists, Transnational Organized Crime
During an all-day open debate presided over by the Foreign Minister of Chad, the Security Council called for international action to prevent terrorists from benefiting from transnational organized crime, through securing borders and prosecuting illicit networks.

19 December 2014
GA/11605
Acting upon Recommendation by Second Committee, General Assembly Adopts 43 Texts, Defers Action on Sovereign Debt Restructuring Framework Draft
The General Assembly, acting on the recommendation of its Second Committee (Economic and Financial), today adopted 38 resolutions — seven requiring recorded votes — and five decisions on a range of issues relating to strengthening the post-2015 agenda. Those included external debt, creation of a new international economic order, the multidimensional nature of development and poverty, South-South cooperation, liberalization of world trade, promotion of new and renewable sources of energy, and problems of countries in special situations.

UNHCR [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/hom

UN and partners launch major aid plans for Syria and region
Press Releases, 18 December 2014
BERLIN (18 December 2014) – As Syria’s war heads towards a fifth year, the United Nations and partners today launched a major new humanitarian and development appeal, requesting over US$8.4 billion in funds to help nearly 18 million people in Syria and across the region in 2015.
The appeal includes two main elements: support for over 12 million displaced and conflict-affected people inside Syria, and addressing the needs of the millions of Syrian refugees in the region and the countries and communities hosting them.
Presented to donors at a meeting in Berlin, the 2015 appeal incorporates, for the first time, significant development aspects in addition to the life-saving humanitarian needs of the largest number of displaced people in the world.
The Syria Strategic Response Plan 2015 (SRP) addresses acute humanitarian needs inside Syria, aiming to provide 12.2 million people with protection, life-saving assistance and livelihoods support. It requires $2.9 billion in funding and brings together humanitarian organizations working inside Syria and in neighbouring countries.
“Conflict has devastated millions of Syrians’ lives, trapping them in conflict areas and denying them access to basic provisions and healthcare. Many live in fear, children can’t go to school and parents can’t go out to work,” said Valerie Amos, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. “This plan, if fully funded, can help us provide food and medicine for children, shelter families from the cold, and support those who are desperate and traumatized. Syria is a very difficult and dangerous place to work but the humanitarian community remains committed to helping the most vulnerable people caught in this crisis.”
The Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP), represents a strategic shift in the approach to delivering aid for the region. It brings together emergency humanitarian operations and host community support with longer-term programmes aimed at boosting resilience. Requiring $5.5 billion in funding to directly support almost 6 million people, it is based on planning projections of up to 4.27 million refugees in countries neighbouring Syria by the end of 2015 (representing a slight decline in the rate of outflow from Syria seen in 2014) and help to over a million vulnerable people in host communities…

WHO & Regionals [to 20 December 2014]

:: Global Alert and Response (GAR): Disease Outbreak News (DONs)
– Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Saudi Arabia 17 December 2014
Between 20 November and 7 December 2014, the National IHR Focal Point for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) notified WHO of 11 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 4 deaths….
– West Nile virus – Brazil 15 December 2014
On 9 December 2014, the Ministry of Health of Brazil reported a case of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the state of Piauí (PI). This is the first detection of a human case of WNV infection in Brazil…

:: The Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER) 19 December 2014, vol. 89, 51/52 (pp. 577–588) includes:
.- Index of countries/areas
– Index, Volume 89, 2014, Nos. 1–52
– Revised guidance on meningitis outbreak response in sub-Saharan Africa
– Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January– October 2014

:: Syria Response Plan 2015 launched in Berlin
December 2014 — The Syria Response Plan 2015 incorporates, for the first time, the whole of Syria approach by bringing together humanitarian actors working inside Syria and in neighbouring countries under a single framework to increase the effectiveness of the response. Health partners are requesting a total of US$ 318 million, 182 million of which are for inside Syria.

:: Eight mobile health clinics to serve vulnerable populations in Iraq
December 2014 — These urgently needed clinics, procured by WHO and flown in by the World Food Programme from Amman, Jordan, will be immediately deployed to parts of Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to help address the health needs of displaced populations residing in areas with limited access to health care services – in camps, informal settlements, and in urban and remote areas across the country.

:: Fact Sheet – Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer 16 December 2014

:: GIN December 2014 pdf, 1.07Mb 19 December 2014
WHO Regional Offices
WHO African Region AFRO
:: How to save the lives of newborns in Africa 17 December 2014
Brazzaville, 17 December 2014 – According to a new WHO report, one third of all neonatal deaths occur in the African Region. Approximately three quarters of these deaths occur during the first week of life and almost half within the first 24 hours.
The first 28 days of life, called the neonatal period, is a very risky period for babies. For every newborn baby that dies, another 20 will face illness or disability from conditions such as birth injury, infection, the inability to breathe normally after birth, neonatal tetanus, congenital anomalies, and the complications of premature birth.
Too many babies are also being born to mothers who have not had adequate nutrition and antenatal care during pregnancy and who were not given skilled care during the birthing process. These mothers are at the greatest risk of dying during or after delivery – leaving newborns at an even greater risk of dying from inadequate care and suboptimal feeding practices.
According to statistics, quality care with simple, accessible, cost–effective interventions can prevent up to two thirds of all neonatal deaths. One method that has worked to reduce neonatal deaths in the African Region is kangaroo mother care (KMC). KMC is caring for preterm infants by carrying the baby skin-to-skin, usually by the mother…

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: Number of babies born with HIV declined 78% in Latin America and the Caribbean, says new PAHO/WHO report (12/15/2014)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: Rehabilitation: key to an independent future for children with poliomyelitis in Tajikistan 18-12-2014
:: Mobile clinics in Ukraine to bring health services to people in need 15-12-2014

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: WHO and partners release manual on psychological first aid during Ebola outbreaks
15 December 2014

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: The Wantok Effect: Key populations and the HIV response in Papua New Guinea
PORT MORESBY, 18 December 2014 – Papua New Guinea has the highest HIV prevalence in the Pacific region, estimated at 0.8% in 2012. The nation is grappling with an HIV epidemic that is concentrated in marginalized and criminalized key populations including female sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM). Stigma associated with HIV and advice from influential churches for people to rely on prayer rather than antiretroviral treatment (ART) to heal themselves further complicate the situation.
:: Ensuring a future that is free from measles and rubella 13 December 2014

UN Women [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.unwomen.org/

Innovative “Voices against Violence” curriculum mobilizes efforts to address the pandemic
December 18, 2014
In Pune, western India, at the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts’ (WAGGGS) World Centre, more than 50 national trainers and youth leaders from the girl guiding movement across the Asia-Pacific region gathered for the first regional “Training of Trainers Workshop” on delivering “Voices against Violence”, a unique non-formal education curriculum that will teach young people how to stop violence against girls and women. At the end of the week-long training session from 12 to 18 December, where seven facilitators are providing support in running the workshop, participants will return to their countries to conduct national trainings among Girl Guides and Girl Scouts.

UNDP United Nations Development Programme [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter.html

19 Dec 2014
Mobile money for 16,000 Ebola workers
A mobile money transfer scheme has been implemented for the first to pay 16,000 Ebola workers in Sierra Leone

FAO – Food & Agriculture Organization [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.fao.org/news/archive/news-by-date/2014/en/

Maize, rice, wheat farming must become more sustainable
FAO estimates that over the next 35 years farmers will need to increase the annual production of maize, rice and wheat to 3 billion tonnes. Experts say this can only be achieved through eco-friendly agriculture that results in higher productivity while conserving natural resources, adapting to climate change, and delivering economic benefits to the world’s 500 million small-scale family farms.
19-12-2014

ILO International Labour Organization [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.ilo.org/global/lang–en/index.htm

Argentina
New law leads to new life for migrant domestic workers
16 December 2014
After decades of labor organizing and with the support of the ILO, Argentina has passed a new migration policy to make life better for domestic workers.

Youth employment
Lack of higher education leaves millions of young people out of decent work in developing countries
15 December 2014
GENEVA (ILO News) –Youth with post-secondary education living in middle and low-income countries have a much higher chance of finding a decent job than those with only secondary or primary education, says a new ILO publication Is education the solution to decent work for youth in developing economies? .
Building on the results of school-to-work transition surveys conducted in 28 countries worldwide in 2012-2013, the study highlights that having the highest level of education “serves as a fairly dependable guarantee” towards securing a formal job.
On average, eight in ten (83 per cent) young people with post-secondary education were in non-vulnerable employment in the 27 low-to-upper middle income countries examined. The “guarantee” was slightly less prominent among low-income countries, but still 75 per cent of young workers with university degrees managed to find a paid job…

UNESCO [to 20 December 2014]
http://en.unesco.org/

21.12.2014 – UNESCO PRESS
Reinforce the immunity of our common heritage under threat
States urged to implement 1954 Convention and its 1999 Second Protocol to protect cultural property in armed conflict
The Ninth Meeting of UNESCO’s Committee for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict today urged all countries not yet party to the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Protocols, to ratify and fully implement them. The Convention, known as the Hague Convention, has so far been ratified by 126 nations. The Second Protocol has been ratified by 67 of the Convention’s States Parties.
At the end of its two-day meeting, the Committee also encouraged States Parties and the international community to take measures to prevent any new tensions that could result in threats to cultural property, and to explicitly include the protection of cultural property in the mandates of armed forces. Finally, it condemned repeated and deliberate attacks against cultural property around the world and in particular in the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Iraq…

World Trade Organisation [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news13_e/news13_e.htm

18 December 2014
ENHANCED INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK
Programme for helping poorest countries trade is to be extended
A multi-donor programme that helps the poorest countries be more active in global trade — the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) – will have its mandate extended into a new phase, the EIF Steering Committee decided on 18 December 2014. Director-General Roberto Azevêdo, in addressing the Committee, said: “Trade can be an effective tool for economic growth and poverty reduction when the right conditions exist. The EIF was established precisely to help LDCs create those conditions.”
The EIF Steering Committee, which includes representatives of all least-developed countries (LDCs) and the donor community as well as EIF partner agencies, decided to extend the mandate of the programme into a second phase, starting from 2016. The Steering Committee urged the EIF to build on the achievements of the first phase while addressing the need for reforms in key areas in order to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the programme.
The EIF is currently helping 50 of the poorest countries worldwide. The WTO is one of six partner agencies of the programme and also hosts the Executive Secretariat…

World Bank [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all

International Debt Statistics 2015
December 18, 2014 — International Debt Statistics 2015 features 2013 data on external debt stocks and flows, as well as other major financial indicators on the 124 developing countries that report to the World Bank Group’s Debt Reporting System… PDF

PRESS RELEASE
WB Helps DRC Strengthen Health Systems to Improve Women and Children’s Health; Prepare for Potential Ebola Outbreaks
December 18, 2014
WASHINGTON, December 18, 2014—The World Bank Group’s Board of Executive Directors today approved a total of U$226.5 million to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to strengthen its health systems to improve maternal and child health services. The project will also support an Ebola preparedness plan for DRC and enable the country to be better equipped to respond to anew Ebola outbreak…

World Bank Group Supports Budget Management and Fiscal Transparency as Sierra Leone Responds to the Ebola Crisis
WASHINGTON, December 17, 2014—The World Bank Group’s Board of Executive Directors today approved a US$30 million grant to support the Government of Sierra Leone in its efforts to respond to the unprecedented challenges posed by the Ebola crisis. Today’s financing includes a US$10 million grant from the World Bank Group’s International Development Association’s (IDA)* Crisis Response Window (CRW), which is designed to help low-income IDA countries recover from severe disasters and crises. The Emergency Economic and Fiscal Support Operation will support Sierra Leone as it seeks to bring the Ebola epidemic under control by strengthening government budget management and reducing fiscal risks heightened by the crisis…

Partners In Health [to 20 December 2014]

Fighting Drug-Resistant TB
Posted on December 18, 2014
Nearly 100 people from 14 countries traveled this month to the Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery–Dubai. They came from Russia and Bulgaria, Romania and Belarus, Georgia and Moldova. Some worked for the Ministry of Health of their respective countries, others worked for nongovernmental organizations. They all shared a common goal: to stop the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis, a global scourge that killed more than 210,000 people in 2013.
Hosted by Partners In Health/Russia and the Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery–Dubai, participants discussed how to best design, implement, and operate programs to treat drug-resistant TB in collaboration with The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Treating multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a grueling and complicated process that can take two years and thousands of doses of medication, some of which can cause painful side effects. It’s also a programmatic challenge that requires stellar management and deeply committed staff.

GAVI Watch [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/

:: US approves US$ 200 million for Gavi in fiscal year 2015 budget
Washington, DC, 17 December 2014 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance welcomed final approval of the fiscal year 2015 appropriations bill that includes US$ 200 million for Gavi. It is the largest single year contribution ever made to Gavi by the United States…
“Gavi is grateful for the unbending, bipartisan support to vaccinate children in the world’s poorest countries, especially in a challenging budget environment,” said Gavi CEO Dr. Seth Berkley. “We want to specifically thank House and Senate State and Foreign Operations subcommittee leaders Rep Kay Granger, Rep Nita Lowey, Sen. Patrick Leahy and Sen. Lindsey Graham. This support will help Gavi purchase and deliver vaccines that will protect tens of millions of vulnerable children in poor countries around the world.”…

:: Gavi announces appointment of new Board members
Geneva, 16 December 2014 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has announced the appointment of 10 members to the Board. The appointments were confirmed at the Board meeting held in Geneva on the 10th and 11th of December 2014.

Global Fund [to 20 December 2014]
http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/announcements/

Press releases
Global Fund Approves Emergency TB Funding for Syrian Refugees
18 December 2014
GENEVA – The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has approved emergency funding to support the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis among Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Jordan.
The assistance, totaling US$3.3 million, comes from the Global Fund’s Emergency Fund, a special initiative designed to provide quick financing to fight HIV, TB and malaria in emergency situations. The Global Fund tapped the Emergency Fund for the first time in November to expand a mass-distribution campaign of mosquito nets in Liberia, a country severely hit by the Ebola outbreak.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM), which operates in Lebanon and Jordan, will be implementing the programs. The IOM is already providing active and early TB interventions among Syrian refugees, as well as TB drugs, equipment and awareness-raising…