BRAC [to 18 January 2014]

BRAC

BRAC distribute 20,000 blankets in 13 districts of Bangladesh
16 January 2014, Dhaka. BRAC distributed 20,000 blankets in the coldest districts of northern and southern Bangladesh. The first cold wave of this year hit the people of northern and southern part of the country the hardest, causing many to suffer. BRAC promptly took the initiative to distribute blankets in 81 upazila under 13 districts. During 12-16 January 2014, 1,000 blankets in Panchagarth; 2,000 in Nilphamari; 1,500 in Thakurgaon; 2,000 in Dinajpur; 1,500 in Joypurhut; 1,000 in Pabna; 1,5……Read More

Haiti’s on its feet again, literally
January 12, 2014 by Scott MacMillan
Today marked the four-year anniversary of the Haiti earthquake. Our friends at AmeriCares write about Herve, a patient at the BRAC Limb and Brace Center, who like so many others lost his legs in the quake…

BRAC @BRACworld Jan 18
Here’s BRAC distributing warm clothes amongst the needy in 13 districts of #Bangladesh – http://on.fb.me/1dFG1hC  pic.twitter.com/Y4fFl733PK
3:39 AM – 18 Jan 2014

BRAC @BRACworld Jan 18
BRAC Maendeleo with support from @gatesfoundation out to help Tanzania’s small & medium http://farmers-bit.ly/1e0AjDj  #Africa #agriculture
3:36 AM – 18 Jan 2014

BRAC @BRACworld Jan 15
BRAC’s Mushtaque Chowdhury introducing Lancet series on “Bangladesh miracle” @RockefellerFdn in NYC http://www.thelancet.com/series/bangladesh …
3:43 PM – 15 Jan 2014

BRAC @BRACworld Jan 14
BRAC, @UN_Women & gov of Norway create a training prog to help natural #disaster victims of #Bangladesh – http://bit.ly/1anba7Y 
8:25 PM – 14 Jan 2014

Casa Alianza [to 18 January 2014]

Casa Alianza

Covenant House a Finalist in the Partnership for Freedom Opportunity Challenge
01/14/2014 – 10:15am
Covenant House and LifeWay Network have been named finalists in the Partnership for Freedom Reimagine Opportunity Challenge, a competition seeking innovative ideas to better care for survivors of modern-day slavery in the United States.

To Stop Traffickers, Stop Their Supply of Kids
Kevin M. Ryan
President and CEO, Covenant House
Huffington Post Blog
Posted: 01/16/2014 11:58 am
Eighteen-year-old Julie told me in no uncertain terms how she got involved in prostitution. “The situation was forcing me,” she said. “I just couldn’t do the homeless thing. I just couldn’t stand to be on the streets anymore.”

No homeless kid sells his or her body to a john by choice. A recent study by Covenant House New York and Fordham University found that almost one in four of surveyed homeless youth were either victims of trafficking or felt they needed to trade sex in order to survive. Almost half of them said that not having a place to stay was a main reason for their trafficking exploitation. All of them regretted having to trade their bodies.

In a few weeks, the world is coming to Rutherford, N.J., for the Super Bowl. While there are no firm numbers of how much the forced sex and labor trade expands during the week of the Super Bowl, the influx of hundreds of thousands of visitors means more homeless kids may be put at risk. And make no mistake, vulnerable kids are at risk. This week’s announcement by New Jersey’s acting Essex County prosecutor of indictments against four individuals for allegedly trafficking a 15-year-old girl for months across the state, forcing her to have sex with strangers, makes that crystal clear.

We already know from our outreach efforts there are a large number of pimps who hang out and recruit near bus and train stations and specific shops and fast food places where homeless youth are known to congregate. They ensnare thousands of kids each year: In New York City alone, 2,200 child victims of human trafficking are discovered annually, with another 400 upstate, ranking New York fourth after California, Texas, and Florida, for the number of minor victims.

I suspect that prostitutes, mostly women, will be brought into the New York/New Jersey area for the Super Bowl on February 2. Many of the young trafficking victims Covenant House serves have told stories of being taken on “the circuit,” moved from city to city, based on where the conventioneers or sports fans were gathering. It certainly makes sense that pimps would follow the demand for sex-for-sale, with the added benefit to them of keeping their workers moving from place to place, steps ahead of the law, disconnected from the communities and the people who could help them escape and build a safer life.

At Covenant House, we see that every single instance of trafficking leaves behind damaged souls and bodies, particularly when the trafficked person is underage. As is so often the case, many of these kids have already confronted the steepest of challenges; they are survivors of homelessness, long-term foster care, broken families, and other circumstances that make it very difficult to build a safe new life.

Prevention efforts of advocates and law enforcement officials for February 2 are in full swing, and I commend these efforts. At Covenant House in New York City and New Jersey, we are ramping up our outreach efforts to protect vulnerable children from harm, and our shelters will be open 24 hours a day for any youth in need of shelter.

There is good news on the anti-trafficking front. Much advocacy work is being done to bring about stricter punishments for those who traffic children and for the adults who buy their bodies. Just this month, New York’s governor, Andrew Cuomo, signed critically important legislation to protect all of New York’s commercially sexually exploited children, extending the ground-breaking Safe Harbor Act to 16- and 17-year-olds. In addition to being the first state in the country to pass a version of Safe Harbor, which helps minors who have been commercially sexually exploited receive social services, instead of jail sentences, New York has continued its leadership as the first state to develop Human Trafficking Intervention Courts, which specialize in prostitution and trafficking cases. We have the legal framework in New York to help all commercially exploited youth. Now, we need services.

We know all too well that there are not enough beds for homeless young people across the country, and when vulnerable youth do not have access to shelter and services, there is a pimp or trafficker lying in wait to lure them. We have put together a petition asking Gov. Cuomo to include $20.2 million to provide shelter and services for trafficking victims and homeless youth.    Please consider signing it here, because clearly, more support for outreach and safe shelters for homeless youth is critical. Let’s make it harder for traffickers to stay in business, by keeping vulnerable kids off the streets in the first place.

It is clear that advocates for victims of child sexual exploitation have our work cut out for us, during Super Bowl week and every day of the year. No child should be left to fend for himself or herself on the streets of our cities. Most of us have been blessed with moms, dads, grandparents, or other people who believe wholeheartedly that we need to be kept safe when we are children. For the thousands who have been denied this basic right, it is our moral responsibility to protect and nurture them.

No child should be forced to sell his or her body to strangers, many times a night, for someone else’s profit.

Handicap International [to 18 January 2014]

Handicap International

Handicap Intl UK @HI_UK Jan 17
We’ve launched new demining activities in DRC – 30,000 square metres of land will be cleared http://bit.ly/1j8NOWj  #landmines
8:14 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Handicap Intl UK @HI_UK Jan 15
Here’s our written evidence to the @CommonsIDC #Disability and #Development Inquiry http://bit.ly/L3Kjo7  @boggs_dorothy
2:30 AM – 15 Jan 2014

Dorothy Boggs @boggs_dorothy Jan 14
Watch Ola Abu Alghaib from @HI_UK present oral evidence at @CommonsIDC #disability and #development inquiry session this morning
1 Retweet

Heifer International [to 18 January 2014]

Heifer International

January 17, 2014
Haiti Four Years After the Quake: There’s Good News
LITTLE ROCK, Ark.
Four years ago this week a devastating earthquake hit the Caribbean Island of Haiti. In the years that have passed, many smallholder farmers have seen important improvements in their lives.
Full Press Release

January 15, 2014
Heifer International Receives $25.5M Grant to Expand Its East Africa Dairy Development Program – ‘Milk for Health and Wealth’
LITTLE ROCK, Ark.
Heifer International received a $25.5 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to expand the East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project and assist more than 136,000 farm families in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.
Full Press Release

Heifer International ‏@Heifer Jan 17
Watch: Africa Programs VP talks about the second phase of the East Africa Dairy Development Program. http://hefr.in/1dg5zNH 
5:00 PM – 17 Jan 2014

Pierre Ferrari @HeiferCEO Jan 13
Glad to see @Heifer is in great company: 101 Organizations to Watch in 2014 http://goo.gl/HnB37O#.UtBti3z9YJU.twitter … via @Food_Tank #IYFF14
6:01 AM – 13 Jan 2014

HelpAge International [to 18 January 2014]

HelpAge International

HelpAge @helpage Jan 17
An introduction to humanitarian accountability from @HAPInt in simple terms and in under 4 mins http://bit.ly/1dBJGhT 
7:33 AM – 17 Jan 2014

HelpAge @helpage Jan 17
Congrats to our partner COSE! They’ve just won an award from the Philippine Government for humanitarian work! #Haiyan pic.twitter.com/6ZkfoJniTb
2:22 AM – 17 Jan 2014

HelpAge @helpage Jan 15
#Haiyan destroyed 15mil coconut trees, leaving farmers without work. We’re given them 5,500 bags of seed & fertiliser http://bit.ly/1aoeNYj 
6:53 AM – 15 Jan 2014

HelpAgeUSA @HelpAge_USA Jan 15
The answer: 52% of small-scale farmers in the #Philippines are aged 50+! Learn how we support them http://bit.ly/1eSBBST 
11:59 AM – 15 Jan 2014 ·

HelpAgeUSA ‏@HelpAge_USA Jan 13
4yrs after the #Haitiearthquake we continue 2 support 200K+ victims, including providing new homes 4 older farmers http://twitpic.com/ds5ojy 
7:31 AM – 13 Jan 2014 ·

International Rescue Committee [to 18 January 2014]

International Rescue Committee

David Miliband @DMiliband Jan 18
My @washingtonpost Op-Ed on the siege in #Syria>>> http://bit.ly/1eIl3MT  #Geneva2
Retweeted by Intl Rescue Comm IRC
4:15 AM – 18 Jan 2014

Intl Rescue Comm IRC @theIRC Jan 17
Our president @DMiliband went on @ReutersInsider & talked about #resettlement for #refugees in the US & more. Video: http://reut.rs/1b5dWzo 
11:53 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Intl Rescue Comm IRC @theIRC Jan 17
On @HuffPostPol, IRC’s Sharon Waxman calls on the US & others to open their doors to #SyrianRefugees: http://bit.ly/1j8FSEt  #resettlement
7:52 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Intl Rescue Comm IRC ‏@theIRC Jan 16
IRC + partners have distributed 20k+ #WakaWaka lamps in #Syria. A first hand account of @SolarForSyria‘s power>> http://bit.ly/1eOczpQ 
12:51 PM – 16 Jan 2014

Intl Rescue Comm IRC ‏@theIRC Jan 13
In the 4 yrs since the #Haiti earthquake, IRC has reunited over 1k children w their families. Read Fifie’s story: http://bit.ly/1djzTLK 
10:18 AM – 13 Jan 2014

IRC Blog
Ending Syrians’ suffering [commentary]
Posted by giselle benatar on January 18, 2014
On the eve of the Geneva II conference, IRC President David Miliband calls on key actors to address four issues and bring immediate humanitarian relief to besieged Syrians. more »

Open the door for Syrian refugees [Commentary]
Posted by The IRC on January 16, 2014
Based on the growing need for large-scale resettlement of displaced Syrians, the IRC calls on the US and other countries to open their doors to vulnerable Syrian refugees. more »

Meeting Syrian humanitarian needs in 2014
Posted by Sue Dwyer on January 14, 2014
There are children going hungry, elderly who struggle to stay warm, girls and women who have been raped, and men who have lost their dignity because they cannot provide for their family. As humanitarians we cannot stop the war, but we can address the lifesaving needs and promote human dignity with sufficient resources and the ability to reach those most in need. more »

Four years after the Haiti earthquake, reuniting children with families
Posted by Jordan Helton on January 13, 2014
Fifie was one of an estimated 200,000 children working as restaveks, a form of indentured labor that often results in abuse. Four years after the devastating earthquake, the IRC continues to protect children like Fifie and by reuniting them with their families in Haiti. more »

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 18 January 2014]

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières

January 17, 2014
South Sudan: MSF Forced to Suspend Activities in Malakal
Thousands of people are going without desperately needed medical care after MSF was forced to suspend activities in Malakal, South Sudan, following the looting of its compound yesterday. Read more »

Doctors w/o Borders ‏@MSF_USA Jan 13
In the #WestBank, MSF provides psycho-medical-social care to help patients deal with the stress of ongoing violence http://bit.ly/1d1sM6f 
12:46 PM – 13 Jan 2014

Doctors w/o Borders @MSF_USA Jan 13
At Ehiopia’s Bole airport MSF is providing care to tens of thousands of returnees recently deported from Saudi Arabia http://bit.ly/1j44DEb 
12:43 PM – 13 Jan 2014

MSF UK @MSF_uk Jan 17
In the last month we have carried out 41,899 consultations amidst the #SouthSudanCrisis pic.twitter.com/zIu29FRJjV
3:54 AM – 17 Jan 2014

MSF UK @MSF_uk Jan 14
Our latest video update from the #CentralAfricanRepublic http://msf.me/1dnHhFL  #MSF #CARcrisis
8:56 AM – 14 Jan 2014 ·

ICRC United Kingdom @ICRC_uk Jan 13
ICRC & @MSF_uk surgical teams working continuously at #Bangui hospital, where some 60 wounded have arrived since Fri pic.twitter.com/OCjExXkyNl
Retweeted by MSF UK
3:35 AM – 13 Jan 2014 ·

Partners In Health [to 18 January 2014]

Partners In Health

Jan 18, 2014
The Drum Major Instinct: A Reflection on Martin Luther King Day
In “To Repair the World,” Dr. Paul Farmer reflects on Dr. Martin Luther King’s work to create a more just world.

Partners In Health ‏@PIH Jan 17
.@JacobKushner on the importance of medical education at University Hospital in #Haiti via @GlobalPost http://ow.ly/sHaYz 
11:08 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Partners In Health @PIH Jan 15
Expansion of specialty services at University Hospital in Mirebalais, Haiti. Learn more: http://ow.ly/sBYYM  pic.twitter.com/eMun4zhpUs
7:49 AM – 15 Jan 2014 ·

Partners In Health ‏@PIH Jan 13
University Hospital is decentralizing #healthcare and economic activity in #Haiti http://ow.ly/sx0kj  pic.twitter.com/FUTzPtFZGc
7:13 AM – 13 Jan 2014

PATH [to 18 January 2014]

PATH

Announcement | January 17, 2014
PATH names director of strategic initiatives for International Development
Global health and development leader Katharine Kreis to guide strategic geographic presence

Press release | January 14, 2014
PATH names former White House advisor Grant Colfax as leader of its HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Program
Former Obama administration public health expert and leading clinical scientist will oversee program and advise PATH’s translational science policy

PATH @PATHtweets Jan 16
New PATH article: “Prioritizing investments in innovations to protect women from leading causes of maternal death” http://bit.ly/1a4Ay51 
3:15 PM – 16 Jan 2014 ·

Steve Davis @SteveDavisPATH Jan 16
A warm welcome to former White House advisor Grant Colfax, the new leader of PATH’s HIV/AIDS & TB program: http://bit.ly/1iPAPZi  #OnePATH
Retweeted by PATH
5:31 AM – 16 Jan 2014

SOS-Kinderdorf International [to 18 January 2014]

SOS-Kinderdorf International

Children’s Villages ‏@sos4children Jan 17
Children able to play again after Typhoon #Haiyan at SOS Child Care Space in Bisleng http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/news/typhoon-haiyan-emergency-appeal-2013/children-play-again-after-typhoon-haiyan … #Philippines
2:20 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Children’s Villages @sos4children Jan 13
SOS Village Bangui acts as a refuge for thousands of displaced people amid violence in #CentralAfricanRepublic http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/news/sos-village-acts-as-a-refuge-amid-CAR-violence …
2:30 AM – 13 Jan 2014

Tostan [to 18 January 2014]

Tostan
Tostan @Tostan Jan 17
Awa Diop leads awareness-raising activities encouraging the modernization of Koranic schools. Find out why here: http://bit.ly/1fF95Jb 
7:03 AM – 17 Jan 2014

Tostan @Tostan Jan 16
102 solar kits provide electricity to two communities in Senegal – http://bit.ly/1daeOPo  @TostanFrance @barefootpower
8:35 AM – 16 Jan 2014

Tostan @Tostan Jan 13
Our founder @MollyMelching went to buy fish & got a lesson in brain development from a participant in our program! http://bit.ly/1ahlf6o 
8:46 AM – 13 Jan 2014

UNICEF [to 18 January 2014]

UNICEF [to 18 January 2014]
http://www.unicef.org/media/media_71508.html

UNICEF statement on the loss of staff members in the Kabul bombing
NEW YORK , 18 January 2014 – Less than one year ago, UNICEF paid tribute to colleagues who have lost their lives for the sake of a better future for all children, with a memorial at UNICEF House. Today, with great sadness and anger, we must add two more names to that list of heroes.

‘Breaking Views with UNICEF’ hits the airwaves
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa/NAIROBI, Kenya/FLORENCE, Italy, 16 January 2014 – UNICEF today launched a groundbreaking new TV series: Breaking Views with UNICEF. The series of 26 interviews will air on prime time television from Thursday 16 January, on E News Channel Africa, ENCA, across East and Southern Africa, and on BSkyB in the UK.

UNICEF: Child combatants reported in South Sudan conflict
JUBA, South Sudan, 17 January 2014 – UNICEF today expressed its deep concern about the use of children as combatants in the ongoing armed conflict in South Sudan.

Central African Republic: 23 children released from armed groups
BANGUI, Central African Republic/DAKAR, Senegal/GENEVA, 17 January 2014 – Twenty-three children between 14 and 17 years old were released from armed groups in Bangui on Thursday, with many more identified for release in the coming days.

ECHO and UNICEF join forces for crisis affected children to go back to school
BAMAKO/BRUSSELS, 15 January 2014 – The Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department of the European Commission (ECHO) is providing EUR 3 million for children’s education in crisis affected in Mali.

Candidates sit for primary school graduation exams while sheltering at UN compounds in Juba
JUBA, 14 January 2014 – Hundreds of students in the capital of South Sudan are this week sitting their primary school graduation exam at the United Nations compounds where they have been living since violence erupted in the city almost a month ago.

UNICEF participates in 2nd High Level International Humanitarian Pledging Conference for Syria, January 15, 2014
Media Advisory: UNICEF participates in 2nd High Level International Humanitarian Pledging Conference for Syria, January 15, 2014

UNOCHA [to 18 January 2014]

UNOCHA [to 18 January 2014]
http://www.unocha.org/
Latest Press Releases

17 Jan 2014
Central African Republic: Emergency Relief Coordinator’s key messages on the Central African Republic 17 January 2014 – Issue Number 1
Key Messages
The political crisis in the Central African Republic (CAR) worsened over the last year, leading to a breakdown of law and order and brutal inter-communal violence in December 2013. The extreme poverty, lack of governance, insecurity, and a range of complex political, religious and human rights issues have contributed to a major humanitarian crisis in the country,…

17 Jan 2014
Chad: Revue de Presse Humanitaire au Tchad Du 11 au 17 janvier 2014
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Country: Central African Republic, Chad

17 Jan 2014
Sudan: Central Emergency Response Fund allocates US$86 million to support aid efforts in ten chronically neglected crises

17 Jan 2014
Syrian Arab Republic: “How Much Longer?”

16 Jan 2014
Central African Republic: Time is running out to prevent a genocide

16 Jan 2014
Central African Republic: OCHA Operations Director, John Ging Opening remarks to the Press on Central African Republic – Press conference, Geneva, 16 January 2014

16 Jan 2014
Philippines: Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Valerie Amos Statement on the Philippines: Two months on

15 Jan 2014
Syrian Arab Republic: Donors pledge $2.4 billion for Syrians in need

Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Country: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, occupied Palestinian territory, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey

(Kuwait City, 15 January 2014): International donors today in Kuwait pledged more than $2.4 billion to support aid organizations’ response to the massive humanitarian needs generated by the crisis in Syria.
Latest Map
Philippines: Summary of Partner Organizations in Region VI (as of 13 Jan 2014)

UNESCO [to 18 January 2014]

UNESCO [t0 18 January 2014]
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/for-the-press/all-news/

17 Jan 14
Empowerment of rural women in Jordan through heritage conservation for sustainable development

16 Jan 14
UNESCO is seeking nominations for UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2014

15 Jan 14
UNESCO advocates for increased investment in quality education for Syrian youth

15 Jan 14
Science-Policy Workshop on Climate Change Impacts in Major Mountainous Regions of the World

14 Jan 14
Reducing our CO2 emissions is the only possible response to ocean acidification

USAID [to 18 January 2014]

USAID [to 18 January 2014]
http://www.usaid.gov/

USAID Administrator Calls for Immediate and Unconditional Humanitarian Access throughout South Sudan
January 18, 2014
Since its independence, South Sudan has made modest but important steps on the path to development. But today, fighting between government and rebel forces puts that progress at risk, wreaking havoc on a people who have faced more than their share of suffering and denial. Recent violence in South Sudan has left thousands dead and has driven nearly half a million people from their homes.

USAID and Partners to Boost U.S.-Africa Apparel Trade
January 17, 2014
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the American Apparel & Footwear Association (AAFA), and the African Cotton & Textile Industries Federation (ACTIF) have entered into a memorandum of understanding to expand trade and investment linkages between the United States and sub-Saharan Africa in the cotton textile and apparel sectors.

World Bank: Energy and water security are crucial to human and economic development

World Bank [to 18 January 2014]

Region/Global actions and announcements
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all
Will Water Constrain Our Energy Future?
January 16, 2014
Energy and water security are crucial to human and economic development. The two resources are now more interconnected than ever — significant amounts of water are needed in almost all energy generation processes, from generating hydropower, to cooling and other purposes in thermal power plants, to extracting and processing fuels. Conversely, the water sector needs energy – mainly in the form of electricity – to extract, treat and transport water. Both energy and water are used in the production of crops, including those used to generate energy through biofuels .But energy and water resources are under unprecedented pressure, and there is growing competition for their use from people, industries, ecosystems, and growing economies. As the world’s population reaches 9 billion, demand will require a 50 percent increase in agricultural production and a 15 percent increase in already-strained water withdrawals. By 2035, the world’s energy consumption will increase by 35 percent…

Influenza vaccines and influenza antiviral drugs in Africa: are they available and do guidelines for their use exist?

BMC Public Health
(Accessed 18 January 2014)
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/content

Research article
Influenza vaccines and influenza antiviral drugs in Africa: are they available and do guidelines for their use exist?
Jazmin Duque, Meredith L McMorrow and Adam L Cohen
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/41/abstract

Abstract (provisional)
Background
Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in Africa, particularly among high-risk groups, but influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs may not be commonly available and used. The main aim of this study was to determine the availability and use of influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs as well as to describe existing related guidelines and policies in Africa.

Methods
A self-administered survey was distributed among key influenza experts in 40 African countries.

Results
Of the 40 countries surveyed, 31 (78%) responded; 14/31 (45%) reported availability of seasonal influenza vaccine, and 19/31 (65%) reported availability of antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza. Vaccine coverage data were only available for 4/14 (29%) countries that reported availability of seasonal influenza vaccine and ranged from <0.5% to 2% of the population.

Conclusions
Influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in many countries in Africa but coverage estimates are low and remain largely unknown. Describing the local burden of disease and identifying funding are essential to encourage countries to use influenza vaccine more widely.

A national population-based assessment of 2007-2008 election-related violence in Kenya

Conflict and Health
http://www.conflictandhealth.com/
[Accessed 18 January 2014]

Research
A national population-based assessment of 2007-2008 election-related violence in Kenya
Johnson K, Scott J, Sasyniuk T, Ndetei D, Kisielewski M, Rouhani S, Bartels S, Mutiso V et al. Conflict and Health 2014, 8:2 (18 January 2014)

Abstract (provisional)
Background
Following the contested national elections in 2007, violence occurred throughout Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and health consequences of the 2007-2008 election-related violence.

Methods
A cross-sectional, national, population-based cluster survey of 956 Kenyan adults aged >= 18 years was conducted in Kenya in September 2011 utilizing a two-stage 90 x 10 cluster sample design and structured interviews and questionnaires. Prevalence of all forms of violence surrounding the 2007 election period, symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and morbidity related to sexual and physical violence were assessed.

Results
Of 956 households surveyed, 916 households participated (response rate 95.8%). Compared to pre-election, election-related sexual violence incidents/1000 persons/year increased over 60-fold (39.1-2370.1; p < .001) with a concurrent 37-fold increase in opportunistic sexual violence (5.2-183.1; p < .001). Physical and other human rights violations increased 80-fold (25.0-1987.1; p < .001) compared to pre-election. Overall, 50% of households reported at least one physical or sexual violation. Households reporting violence were more likely to report violence among female household members (66.6% vs. 58.1%; p = .04) or among the Luhya ethnic group (17.0% vs. 13.8%; p = 0.03). The most common perpetrators of election-related sexual violence were reported to be affiliated with government or political groups (1670.5 incidents/1000 persons per year); the Kalenjin ethnic group for physical violations (54.6%). Over thirty percent of respondents met MDD and PTSD symptom criteria; however, symptoms of MDD (females, 63.3%; males, 36.7%; p = .01) and suicide ideation (females, 68.5%; males, 31.5%; p = .04) were more common among females. Substance abuse was more common among males (males, 71.2%; females, 28.8%; p < .001).

Conclusion
On a national level in Kenya, politically-motivated and opportunistic sexual and physical violations were commonly reported among sampled adults with associated health and mental health outcomes