Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (RPSP/PAJPH)
December 2015 Vol. 38, No. 6
http://www.paho.org/journal/

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SECCIÓN ESPECIAL / SPECIAL SECTION
Declaración SPIRIT 2013: definición de los elementos estándares del protocolo de un ensayo clínico [SPIRIT 2013 Statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials]
An-Wen Chan, Jennifer M. Tetzlaff, Douglas G. Altman, Andreas Laupacis,
Peter C. Gøtzsche, Karmela Krleža-Jerić, Asbjørn Hrobjartsson, Howard Mann,
Kay Dickersin, Jesse A. Berlin, Caroline J. Dore, Wendy R. Parulekar,
William S. M. Summerskill, Trish Groves, Kenneth F. Schulz, Harold C. Sox,
Frank W. Rockhold, Drummond Rennie y David Moher
Abstract
The protocol of a clinical trial serves as the foundation for study planning, conduct, reporting, and appraisal. However, trial protocols and existing protocol guidelines vary greatly in content and quality. This article describes the systematic development and scope of SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013, a guideline for the minimum content of a clinical trial protocol. The 33-item SPIRIT checklist applies to protocols for all clinical trials and focuses on content rather than format. The checklist recommends a full description of what is planned; it does not prescribe how to design or conduct a trial. By providing guidance for key content, the SPIRIT recommendations aim to facilitate the drafting of high-quality protocols. Adherence to SPIRIT would also enhance the transparency and completeness of trial protocols for the benefit of investigators, trial participants, patients, sponsors, funders, research ethics committees or institutional review boards, peer reviewers, journals, trial registries, policymakers, regulators, and other key stakeholders.

Sustainability
Volume 8, Issue 2 (February 2016)
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/1

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Article:
The Making of a Sustainable Wireless City? Mapping Public Wi-Fi Access in Shanghai
Received: 14 October 2015 / Revised: 18 January 2016 / Accepted: 19 January 2016 / Published: 26 January 2016
by Mingfeng Wang, Felix Haifeng Liao, Juan Lin, Li Huang, Chengcheng Gu and Yehua Dennis Wei
Sustainability 2016, 8(2), 111; doi:10.3390/su8020111
Abstract
In the context of the global information economy, ready access to the Internet is critical to a city’s competitiveness, which has prompted a number of cities to launch plans to establish wireless networks. Most literature on the development of wireless cities focuses on cities in Western countries, and few have discussed how Chinese cities have adopted wireless technologies in their urban infrastructure development efforts. This paper examines recent development and spatial distribution of public Wi-Fi access in Shanghai, a leading business hub in China. We mapped Wi-Fi hotspots through the government sponsored “i-Shanghai” project and China Mobile Communications Corporation (CMCC). We find that while telecommunication providers have been proactively deploying WLAN (wireless local area network，a proxy of public Wi-Fi or wireless access) hotspots in Shanghai, neither government sponsored WLAN hotspots nor facilities established by CMCC could cover the old traditional neighborhoods in the central city and sub-districts in remote rural areas. We also address the development of a more sustainable wireless city in Shanghai with a particular focus on digital divide and social equity issues.